Jammu University NON CBCS Philosophy 2nd Semester Previous Year Question Paper

Jammu University NON CBCS Philosophy 2nd Semester Previous Year Question Paper PDF

Philosophy under the NON CBCS system at Jammu University provides a comprehensive exploration of fundamental philosophical concepts, ethical theories, epistemology, and metaphysics. The 2nd Semester builds upon introductory knowledge with advanced topics in Indian and Western philosophy, logic, ethics, and philosophical methods essential for developing critical thinking skills.

Section A consists of 10 short-answer questions (1 mark each) covering basic philosophical concepts, terminology, philosopher identification, and fundamental principles.

Section B requires detailed explanations (6 marks each) on topics like philosophical arguments, ethical theories, logical principles, and comparative analysis.

Section C features comprehensive analytical questions (15 marks each) demanding critical analysis of philosophical texts, comparative studies between Indian and Western philosophy, and application of philosophical methods to contemporary issues.

The examination emphasizes both historical understanding and analytical application. Students are expected to demonstrate mastery of philosophical concepts, ability to analyze arguments, develop coherent philosophical positions, and critically evaluate different philosophical schools of thought.

Key areas of focus include epistemology (theory of knowledge), metaphysics (nature of reality), ethics (moral philosophy), logic (reasoning methods), Indian philosophical systems, Western philosophical traditions, and philosophical methods. Special emphasis is given to comparative philosophy and applications to contemporary ethical dilemmas.

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📚 Course Structure & Syllabus Breakdown

📋 Course Overview

Program: B.A. Philosophy (NON CBCS)
Semester: 2nd
University: University of Jammu
Course Code: PHIL-102 / PHIL-202
Total Marks: 100 (Theory: 80, Internal: 20)
Duration: 3 Hours
Medium: English
Specialization: Indian & Western Philosophy

📖 Unit-wise Syllabus

Unit	Topics & Content	Marks
Unit I	Indian Philosophy - Part I: Carvaka (Materialism), Jainism (Anekantavada, Syadvada), Buddhism (Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path), Comparative analysis	20
Unit II	Indian Philosophy - Part II: Nyaya (Theory of knowledge, Pramanas), Vaisesika (Categories, Atomism), Samkhya (Prakriti-Purusha, Evolution), Yoga (Eight limbs, Meditation)	25
Unit III	Western Philosophy - Ancient: Pre-Socratics, Socrates, Plato (Theory of Forms, Ideal State), Aristotle (Four Causes, Virtue Ethics), Hellenistic Philosophy	20
Unit IV	Logic & Critical Thinking: Basic logical concepts, Types of arguments (deductive, inductive), Fallacies, Philosophical methods, Critical analysis techniques	15

📊 Examination Pattern

Theory Paper (80 marks)

Section A: 10 short questions × 1 mark = 10
Section B: 5 out of 7 questions × 6 marks = 30
Section C: 4 out of 6 questions × 10 marks = 40

Internal Assessment (20 marks)

Philosophical Essay Writing = 8
Text Analysis Assignment = 6
Class Presentation/Debate = 6

🏛️ Indian Philosophical Systems

Astika Schools (Orthodox)

Nyaya: Logic, epistemology, 4 Pramanas (perception, inference, comparison, testimony)
Vaisesika: Atomism, 7 categories (substance, quality, action, generality, particularity, inherence, non-existence)
Samkhya: Dualism (Purusha-Prakriti), 25 principles, evolution theory
Yoga: Practical philosophy, 8 limbs, meditation, Patanjali

Nastika Schools (Heterodox)

Carvaka: Materialism, skepticism, hedonism, rejection of supernatural
Jainism: Anekantavada (many-sided reality), Syadvada (conditional predication), Ahimsa
Buddhism: Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path, Anatman (no-self), Dependent Origination

Key Concepts: Dharma, Karma, Moksha, Atman, Brahman, Maya, Pramanas, Dukkha, Nirvana, Ahimsa, Anekantavada

📚 Recommended Textbooks & References

"A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy" - C.D. Sharma
"Indian Philosophy" - S. Radhakrishnan (2 Volumes)
"Outlines of Indian Philosophy" - M. Hiriyanna
"A History of Western Philosophy" - Bertrand Russell
"Sophie's World" - Jostein Gaarder (Introductory)
"An Introduction to Indian Philosophy" - Satischandra Chatterjee & Dhirendramohan Datta
"The Story of Philosophy" - Will Durant
"Logic" - Irving M. Copi
"Ethics" - Peter Singer
"Meditations" - Marcus Aurelius
"Republic" - Plato
"Nicomachean Ethics" - Aristotle

🎯 Preparation Strategy & Tips

Concept Maps: Create visual diagrams connecting philosophical concepts, schools, and philosophers
Comparative Analysis: Practice comparing Indian and Western philosophical concepts
Argument Reconstruction: Learn to identify premises and conclusions in philosophical arguments
Primary Text Reading: Read selected passages from original philosophical texts
Logical Exercises: Practice identifying logical fallacies and constructing valid arguments
Historical Timeline: Create chronological charts of philosophical developments
Previous Papers: Solve last 5 years' papers focusing on comparative and analytical questions
Discussion Groups: Participate in philosophical discussions and debates
Application Practice: Apply philosophical concepts to contemporary ethical dilemmas

🏛️ Major Philosophical Traditions

Indian Philosophy

Astika & Nastika schools, Spiritual focus, Moksha, Karma, Dharma

Western Philosophy

Greek origins, Rational inquiry, Systematic analysis, Individual focus

Comparative Philosophy

East-West dialogue, Cross-cultural analysis, Universal themes

Applied Philosophy

Ethics in practice, Political philosophy, Environmental ethics, Bioethics

📚 Essential Philosophical Terminology

Epistemology

Theory of knowledge, Pramanas, Empiricism, Rationalism, Skepticism, Justification

Metaphysics

Nature of reality, Ontology, Cosmology, Substance, Attribute, Causality, Time/Space

Ethics

Moral philosophy, Virtue ethics, Deontology, Utilitarianism, Dharma, Karma, Ahimsa

Logic

Deductive/Inductive reasoning, Syllogism, Fallacies, Validity, Soundness, Inference

👨‍🏫 Eminent Philosophers

Indian Philosophers

Gautama Buddha, Mahavira, Patanjali, Kanada, Gautama (Nyaya), Kapila (Samkhya)

Greek Philosophers

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Thales, Heraclitus, Parmenides, Epicurus

Modern Philosophers

Descartes, Kant, Hume, Nietzsche, Sartre, Wittgenstein, Russell

Contemporary Thinkers

Martha Nussbaum, Peter Singer, Amartya Sen, Slavoj Žižek, Judith Butler

⚖️ Major Ethical Theories

Virtue Ethics (Aristotle): Focus on character, golden mean, eudaimonia
Deontology (Kant): Duty-based, categorical imperative, universalizability
Utilitarianism (Bentham/Mill): Consequence-based, greatest happiness principle
Dharma Ethics (Indian): Duty, righteousness, cosmic order
Care Ethics (Gilligan): Relationships, empathy, responsibility
Existential Ethics (Sartre): Authenticity, freedom, responsibility

💼 Philosophy Career Opportunities

Philosophy graduates from Jammu University have diverse career options:

Academic Research Civil Services Law School Journalism Public Policy Corporate Ethics Content Writing Counseling

🏔️ Philosophical Traditions in Jammu & Kashmir

Kashmiri Shaivism: Philosophical school emphasizing consciousness, Pratyabhijna system
Buddhist Heritage: Ancient Buddhist centers, influence on regional philosophy
Sufi Traditions: Mystical philosophy, poets like Lal Ded and Nund Rishi
Interfaith Dialogue: Historical coexistence of multiple religious philosophies
Contemporary Thinkers: Modern philosophers from Jammu & Kashmir region
Cultural Synthesis: Unique philosophical blend in regional culture

🔍 Common Logical Fallacies

Ad Hominem: Attacking person instead of argument
Straw Man: Misrepresenting opponent's position
False Dilemma: Presenting only two options when more exist
Slippery Slope: Assuming one step leads to extreme outcome
Circular Reasoning: Using conclusion as premise
Appeal to Emotion: Using emotion instead of reason
Hasty Generalization: Broad conclusion from small sample
Post Hoc: Assuming causation from correlation

🧠 Philosophical Methods & Approaches

Dialectical Method (Socrates): Question and answer to reach truth
Phenomenology (Husserl): Study of consciousness and experience
Analytic Philosophy: Logical analysis of language and concepts
Continental Philosophy: Historical, cultural, existential approaches
Hermeneutics: Theory and methodology of interpretation
Deconstruction (Derrida): Analyzing conceptual oppositions
Comparative Method: Cross-cultural philosophical analysis

🌿 Major Branches of Philosophy

Metaphysics: Nature of reality, existence, time, space, causality
Epistemology: Theory of knowledge, belief, justification, truth
Ethics: Moral philosophy, right/wrong, good/bad, virtue
Logic: Principles of valid reasoning and argument
Aesthetics: Philosophy of art, beauty, taste
Political Philosophy: State, justice, rights, authority
Philosophy of Mind: Consciousness, mental states, mind-body problem
Philosophy of Science: Scientific methods, assumptions, implications

💡 Pro Tip: Philosophy requires active engagement rather than passive memorization. Practice reconstructing arguments from primary texts. Develop the habit of questioning assumptions in everyday situations. Create comparative charts between Indian and Western concepts (e.g., Dharma vs Duty, Moksha vs Salvation). When answering questions, always: 1) Define key terms clearly, 2) Present multiple perspectives, 3) Give examples, 4) Offer critical evaluation, 5) Draw logical conclusions. Practice writing philosophical essays with clear thesis statements and logical progression. Join or form study groups for discussion and debate. Read philosophical texts slowly and reflectively, taking notes on arguments and counterarguments.